Searching for TOI-178 candidates
TOI-178 is a complex system with six confirmed orbiting planets (Leleu et al. 2021), where the five outer members do it under mean motion resonances. The SPOC reported up to three TOIs (TOI-178.01 -6.56 d-, TOI-178.02 -10.35 d- and TOI-178.03 -9.96 d-). In Leleu et al. (2021) a much deeper search was done by using, among others, the CHEOPS satellite, which provides ultra-precise photometry. As a surprise, three new candidates were identified with periods of 1.92, 3.95 and 15.5 days each and giving a new period value of 20.7 (twice the initial value) to the TOI-178.02.
We will run SHERLOCK to see what we can find under the TESS data for this very interesting system. Let’s go!
We firstly initialize the object to be searched for with a MissionObjectInfo and the Sherlock main object used for the execution.
[2]:
import os
import multiprocessing
from sherlockpipe.sherlock import Sherlock
from lcbuilder.objectinfo.MissionObjectInfo import MissionObjectInfo
from sherlockpipe.sherlock_target import SherlockTarget
toi178_object_info = MissionObjectInfo("TIC 251848941", [2])
toi178_sherlock_target = SherlockTarget(object_info=toi178_object_info, detrends_number=4,
period_min=0.45, period_max=22, cpu_cores=multiprocessing.cpu_count() - 1,
best_signal_algorithm="quorum", min_quorum=0.5)
sherlock = Sherlock([toi178_sherlock_target], False)
We choose the next parameters:
The
MissionObjectInfois initialized with the TIC of the TOI-178 and we will only search data from the sector nº 2.A number of detrends to be used of 4. This is generally a low value and for real executions we will use even more than 10 detrends, but it will serve for the example.
A search grid between the period range of 0.45 and 22 (we only count with one sector).
Use all the cpu cores but one.
Finally, we choose to use the
quorumalgorithm, which in addition to themin_quorumvalue set to 0.5 will stop the execution as soon as the foundSherlocksignals in the last run do not agree with more than the half of the votes.
Let’s run it and see what happens.
[21]:
sherlock.run()
SHERLOCK (Searching for Hints of Exoplanets fRom Lightcurves Of spaCe-base seeKers)
Version 14
MODE: ANALYSE
ID: TIC251848941_[2]
Retrieving star catalog info...
Downloading lightcurve files...
Found cached file /home/martin/.lightkurve-cache/mastDownload/TESS/tess2018234235059-s0002-0000000251848941-0121-s/tess2018234235059-s0002-0000000251848941-0121-s_lc.fits with expected size 2004480.
7% (1420/19737) of the cadences will be ignored due to the quality mask (quality_bitmask=175).
================================================
STELLAR PROPERTIES FOR THE SIGNAL SEARCH
================================================
Star catalog info downloaded.
limb-darkening estimates using quadratic LD (a,b)= (0.4834, 0.1895)
mass = 0.680000
mass_min = 0.599601
mass_max = 0.760399
radius = 0.660806
radius_min = 0.601185
radius_max = 0.720427
teff = 4339.000000
lum = 0.139444
logg = 4.630430
================================================
USER DEFINITIONS
================================================
Detrend method: Bi-Weight
No of detrend models applied: 4
Minimum number of transits: 2
Period planet protected: 10.0
Minimum Period (d): 0.5
Maximum Period (d): 22.0
Binning size (min): 10.0
Mask: no
Threshold limit for SNR: 5.0
Threshold limit for SDE: 5.0
Threshold limit for FAP: 0.1
Fit method: default
Duration step: 1.100
T0 Fit Margin: 0.050
Signal scoring algorithm: quorum
Quorum algorithm vote strength: 1.00
================================================
SECTORS INFO
================================================
Sectors : [2]
No of sectors available: 1
================================================
QUARTERS INFO
================================================
Quarters : [None]
================================================
Detrend Window length / Kernel size
================================================
Using transit duration based WL or fixed KS
wl/ks_min: 0.37
wl/ks_min: 2.45
================================================
================================================
INITIAL FLUX CLEANING
================================================
Masking high RMS areas by a factor of 1.50 with 3.0 hours binning
Applying Smooth phase (savgol)
================================================
SEARCH RUNS
================================================
=================================
MODELS IN THE DETRENDING
=================================
light_curve Detrend_method win/ker_size RMS (ppm) RMS_10min (ppm)
PDCSAP_FLUX --- --- 612.31 528.34
flatten_lc & trend_lc 0 biweight 0.3672 594.48 511.04
flatten_lc & trend_lc 1 biweight 0.8875 604.77 522.45
flatten_lc & trend_lc 2 biweight 1.4078 606.78 524.79
flatten_lc & trend_lc 3 biweight 1.9280 606.91 525.06
________________________________ run 1________________________________
=================================
SEARCH OF SIGNALS - Run 1
=================================
win_size Period Per_err N.Tran Mean Depth (ppt) T. dur (min) T0 SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 18297 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
PDCSAP_FLUX 6.55912 0.025458 4 1.139 146.1 1360.2381 31.427 17.901 8.0032e-05 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.43535 0.03278 0.06042 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 18297 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.3672 6.55912 0.020366 4 0.976 146.1 1360.2381 27.554 16.447 8.0032e-05 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.25447 0.03033 0.06042 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 18297 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.8875 6.55912 0.024191 4 1.125 146.1 1360.2381 31.301 17.125 8.0032e-05 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.42013 0.03260 0.06042 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 18297 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.4078 6.55912 0.025458 4 1.151 146.1 1360.2381 31.954 17.227 8.0032e-05 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.44840 0.03298 0.06042 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 18297 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.9280 6.55912 0.025458 4 1.168 146.1 1360.2381 32.395 17.453 8.0032e-05 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.46586 0.03321 0.06042 I
Elected signal with QUORUM algorithm from 5 VOTES --> NAME: 3 Period:6.559121399188889 CORR_SNR: 58.31112175280917 SNR: 32.39506764044954 SDE: 17.45282583503319 FAP: 8.0032e-05 BORDER_SCORE: 1.0
Proposed selection with BASIC algorithm was --> NAME: 3 Period:6.559121399188889 SNR: 32.39506764044954
New best signal is good enough to keep searching. Going to the next run.
Listing most promising candidates for ID TIC251848941_[2]:
Detrend no. Period Per_err Duration T0 Depth SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
4 6.5591 0.02546 146.10 1360.24 1.168 32.40 17.45 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.46586 0.03321 0.06042 I
________________________________ run 2________________________________
=================================
SEARCH OF SIGNALS - Run 2
=================================
win_size Period Per_err N.Tran Mean Depth (ppt) T. dur (min) T0 SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 17718 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
PDCSAP_FLUX 10.35831 0.030386 3 0.866 144.0 1354.5461 20.996 11.797 8.0032e-05 1.00 TOI 178.02 - 2.12292 0.02895 0.08193 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 17718 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.3672 10.35363 0.032713 3 0.892 143.9 1354.5519 22.142 15.313 8.0032e-05 1.00 TOI 178.02 - 2.15478 0.02922 0.08191 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 17718 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.8875 10.35363 0.035061 3 0.947 143.9 1354.5519 23.210 14.744 8.0032e-05 1.00 TOI 178.02 - 2.22113 0.03011 0.08191 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 17718 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.4078 10.35831 0.032733 3 0.947 144.0 1354.5461 23.114 14.643 8.0032e-05 1.00 TOI 178.02 - 2.22006 0.03026 0.08193 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 17718 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.9280 10.35831 0.032733 3 0.934 144.0 1354.5461 22.814 14.019 8.0032e-05 1.00 TOI 178.02 - 2.20558 0.03007 0.08193 I
Elected signal with QUORUM algorithm from 5 VOTES --> NAME: 1 Period:10.353629161566268 CORR_SNR: 41.77779339324826 SNR: 23.209885218471257 SDE: 14.743930404579773 FAP: 8.0032e-05 BORDER_SCORE: 1.0
Proposed selection with BASIC algorithm was --> NAME: 1 Period:10.353629161566268 SNR: 23.209885218471257
New best signal is good enough to keep searching. Going to the next run.
Listing most promising candidates for ID TIC251848941_[2]:
Detrend no. Period Per_err Duration T0 Depth SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
4 6.5591 0.02546 146.10 1360.24 1.168 32.40 17.45 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.46586 0.03321 0.06042 I
2 10.3536 0.03506 143.90 1354.55 0.947 23.21 14.74 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.02 - 2.22113 0.03011 0.08191 I
________________________________ run 3________________________________
=================================
SEARCH OF SIGNALS - Run 3
=================================
win_size Period Per_err N.Tran Mean Depth (ppt) T. dur (min) T0 SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 17287 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
PDCSAP_FLUX 4.96280 0.034187 4 0.574 167.0 1358.0060 17.387 8.594 0.000480192 1.00 nan - 1.72834 0.02290 0.05017 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 17287 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.3672 1.91590 0.005917 13 0.359 49.2 1354.8778 10.938 7.948 0.001440576 1.00 nan - 1.36685 0.01698 0.02660 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 17287 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.8875 4.96280 0.034171 4 0.548 167.0 1358.0060 16.743 8.580 0.000480192 1.00 nan - 1.68856 0.02229 0.05017 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 17287 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.4078 4.96280 0.033318 4 0.540 167.0 1358.0060 16.480 7.807 0.002240896 1.00 nan - 1.67717 0.02216 0.05017 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 17287 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.9280 4.96280 0.033318 4 0.547 167.0 1358.0060 16.695 7.817 0.002240896 1.00 nan - 1.68775 0.02232 0.05017 I
Elected signal with QUORUM algorithm from 4 VOTES --> NAME: PDCSAP_FLUX Period:4.962800970151848 CORR_SNR: 27.81999821005449 SNR: 17.387498881284056 SDE: 8.59365844252775 FAP: 0.000480192 BORDER_SCORE: 1.0
Proposed selection with BASIC algorithm was --> NAME: PDCSAP_FLUX Period:4.962800970151848 SNR: 17.387498881284056
New best signal is good enough to keep searching. Going to the next run.
Listing most promising candidates for ID TIC251848941_[2]:
Detrend no. Period Per_err Duration T0 Depth SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
4 6.5591 0.02546 146.10 1360.24 1.168 32.40 17.45 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.46586 0.03321 0.06042 I
2 10.3536 0.03506 143.90 1354.55 0.947 23.21 14.74 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.02 - 2.22113 0.03011 0.08191 I
0 4.9628 0.03419 167.02 1358.01 0.574 17.39 8.59 0.000480 1.00 nan - 1.72834 0.02290 0.05017 I
________________________________ run 4________________________________
=================================
SEARCH OF SIGNALS - Run 4
=================================
win_size Period Per_err N.Tran Mean Depth (ppt) T. dur (min) T0 SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 16636 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
PDCSAP_FLUX 3.23753 0.009931 8 0.420 123.9 1356.1011 15.571 12.509 8.0032e-05 1.00 nan 0.5*SOI1 1.47805 0.01991 0.03773 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 16636 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.3672 3.23753 0.009432 8 0.389 123.9 1356.1011 14.736 11.988 8.0032e-05 1.00 nan 0.5*SOI1 1.42302 0.01917 0.03773 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 16636 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.8875 3.23753 0.010429 8 0.447 123.9 1356.1011 16.759 13.347 8.0032e-05 1.00 nan 0.5*SOI1 1.52495 0.02054 0.03773 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 16636 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.4078 3.23753 0.010429 8 0.449 123.9 1356.1011 16.805 12.547 8.0032e-05 1.00 nan 0.5*SOI1 1.52877 0.02059 0.03773 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 16636 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.9280 3.23753 0.010429 8 0.445 123.9 1356.1011 16.667 12.259 8.0032e-05 1.00 nan 0.5*SOI1 1.52236 0.02051 0.03773 I
Elected signal with QUORUM algorithm from 5 VOTES --> NAME: 2 Period:3.2375267839365733 CORR_SNR: 30.248638886875124 SNR: 16.80479938159729 SDE: 12.547244180385139 FAP: 8.0032e-05 BORDER_SCORE: 1.0
Proposed selection with BASIC algorithm was --> NAME: 2 Period:3.2375267839365733 SNR: 16.80479938159729
New best signal is good enough to keep searching. Going to the next run.
Listing most promising candidates for ID TIC251848941_[2]:
Detrend no. Period Per_err Duration T0 Depth SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
4 6.5591 0.02546 146.10 1360.24 1.168 32.40 17.45 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.46586 0.03321 0.06042 I
2 10.3536 0.03506 143.90 1354.55 0.947 23.21 14.74 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.02 - 2.22113 0.03011 0.08191 I
0 4.9628 0.03419 167.02 1358.01 0.574 17.39 8.59 0.000480 1.00 nan - 1.72834 0.02290 0.05017 I
3 3.2375 0.01043 123.87 1356.10 0.449 16.80 12.55 0.000080 1.00 nan 0.5*SOI1 1.52877 0.02059 0.03773 I
________________________________ run 5________________________________
=================================
SEARCH OF SIGNALS - Run 5
=================================
win_size Period Per_err N.Tran Mean Depth (ppt) T. dur (min) T0 SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 15650 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
PDCSAP_FLUX 1.91590 0.004436 11 0.270 111.1 1354.8840 10.831 15.858 8.0032e-05 0.91 nan - 1.18583 0.01524 0.02660 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 15650 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.3672 1.91590 0.006164 11 0.269 111.1 1354.8840 11.042 10.375 8.0032e-05 0.91 nan - 1.18344 0.01533 0.02660 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 15650 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.8875 1.91590 0.005919 11 0.286 111.1 1354.8840 11.532 14.623 8.0032e-05 0.91 nan - 1.22118 0.01569 0.02660 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 15650 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.4078 1.91590 0.005917 11 0.283 111.1 1354.8840 11.301 11.207 8.0032e-05 0.91 nan - 1.21357 0.01552 0.02660 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 15650 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.9280 1.91590 0.005917 11 0.286 111.1 1354.8840 11.463 11.797 8.0032e-05 0.91 nan - 1.22084 0.01565 0.02660 I
Elected signal with QUORUM algorithm from 5 VOTES --> NAME: 1 Period:1.9158992651910378 CORR_SNR: 18.87109654302204 SNR: 11.532336776291247 SDE: 14.623066422051698 FAP: 8.0032e-05 BORDER_SCORE: 0.9090909090909091
Proposed selection with BASIC algorithm was --> NAME: 1 Period:1.9158992651910378 SNR: 11.532336776291247
New best signal is good enough to keep searching. Going to the next run.
Listing most promising candidates for ID TIC251848941_[2]:
Detrend no. Period Per_err Duration T0 Depth SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
4 6.5591 0.02546 146.10 1360.24 1.168 32.40 17.45 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.46586 0.03321 0.06042 I
2 10.3536 0.03506 143.90 1354.55 0.947 23.21 14.74 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.02 - 2.22113 0.03011 0.08191 I
0 4.9628 0.03419 167.02 1358.01 0.574 17.39 8.59 0.000480 1.00 nan - 1.72834 0.02290 0.05017 I
3 3.2375 0.01043 123.87 1356.10 0.449 16.80 12.55 0.000080 1.00 nan 0.5*SOI1 1.52877 0.02059 0.03773 I
2 1.9159 0.00592 111.07 1354.88 0.286 11.53 14.62 0.000080 0.91 nan - 1.22118 0.01569 0.02660 I
________________________________ run 6________________________________
=================================
SEARCH OF SIGNALS - Run 6
=================================
win_size Period Per_err N.Tran Mean Depth (ppt) T. dur (min) T0 SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 14471 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
PDCSAP_FLUX 10.37706 0.021125 3 0.472 131.2 1359.4046 10.316 19.831 8.0032e-05 1.00 TOI 178.02 1*SOI2 1.56807 0.02049 0.08203 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 14471 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.3672 12.99982 0.028511 3 0.496 117.7 1354.1552 10.219 10.555 8.0032e-05 0.33 nan 2*SOI1 1.60786 0.02073 0.09533 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 14471 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.8875 8.07988 0.011769 4 0.371 119.0 1355.9186 9.413 21.186 8.0032e-05 0.75 nan - 1.39073 0.01841 0.06943 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 14471 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.4078 12.99982 0.028511 3 0.525 117.7 1354.1552 10.595 11.913 8.0032e-05 0.33 nan 2*SOI1 1.65329 0.02131 0.09533 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 14471 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.9280 12.99982 0.028511 3 0.521 117.7 1354.1552 10.536 12.643 8.0032e-05 0.33 nan 2*SOI1 1.64741 0.02125 0.09533 I
Elected signal with QUORUM algorithm from 1 VOTES --> NAME: PDCSAP_FLUX Period:10.377059287050406 CORR_SNR: 10.316405445328062 SNR: 10.316405445328062 SDE: 19.831090497462036 FAP: 8.0032e-05 BORDER_SCORE: 1.0
Proposed selection with BASIC algorithm was --> NAME: 2 Period:12.999819658772074 SNR: 10.59455157781008
New best signal is good enough to keep searching. Going to the next run.
Listing most promising candidates for ID TIC251848941_[2]:
Detrend no. Period Per_err Duration T0 Depth SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
4 6.5591 0.02546 146.10 1360.24 1.168 32.40 17.45 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.46586 0.03321 0.06042 I
2 10.3536 0.03506 143.90 1354.55 0.947 23.21 14.74 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.02 - 2.22113 0.03011 0.08191 I
0 4.9628 0.03419 167.02 1358.01 0.574 17.39 8.59 0.000480 1.00 nan - 1.72834 0.02290 0.05017 I
3 3.2375 0.01043 123.87 1356.10 0.449 16.80 12.55 0.000080 1.00 nan 0.5*SOI1 1.52877 0.02059 0.03773 I
2 1.9159 0.00592 111.07 1354.88 0.286 11.53 14.62 0.000080 0.91 nan - 1.22118 0.01569 0.02660 I
0 10.3771 0.02113 131.15 1359.40 0.472 10.32 19.83 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.02 1*SOI2 1.56807 0.02049 0.08203 I
________________________________ run 7________________________________
=================================
SEARCH OF SIGNALS - Run 7
=================================
win_size Period Per_err N.Tran Mean Depth (ppt) T. dur (min) T0 SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 14161 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
PDCSAP_FLUX 12.79910 0.030979 2 0.300 260.3 1357.3979 6.699 49.347 8.0032e-05 0.50 nan - 1.24890 0.01887 0.09435 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 14161 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.3672 2.60425 0.004084 10 0.222 111.8 1355.6327 8.587 14.943 8.0032e-05 0.90 nan 0.25*SOI2 1.07573 0.01415 0.03264 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 14161 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
0.8875 5.62531 0.005185 5 0.436 152.7 1355.9342 6.798 56.279 8.0032e-05 0.60 nan - 1.50722 0.01518 0.05454 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 14161 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.4078 9.71236 0.030023 3 0.422 143.2 1357.4444 8.822 25.029 8.0032e-05 0.67 TOI 178.03 - 1.48227 0.01817 0.07849 I
Transit Least Squares TLS 1.0.25 (04 June 2020)
Creating model cache for 38 durations
Searching 14161 data points, 12835 periods from 0.45 to 13.702 days
Using 7 of 8 CPU threads
1.9280 9.71236 0.032177 3 0.430 143.2 1357.4444 9.078 23.616 8.0032e-05 0.67 TOI 178.03 - 1.49696 0.01847 0.07849 I
Elected signal with QUORUM algorithm from 1 VOTES --> NAME: 0 Period:2.6042458759589544 CORR_SNR: 7.7284185286617255 SNR: 8.587131698513028 SDE: 14.943330960374997 FAP: 8.0032e-05 BORDER_SCORE: 0.9
Proposed selection with BASIC algorithm was --> NAME: 3 Period:9.712360547699689 SNR: 9.078437830188259
New best signal does not look very promising. End
Listing most promising candidates for ID TIC251848941_[2]:
Detrend no. Period Per_err Duration T0 Depth SNR SDE FAP Border_score Matching OI Harmonic Planet radius (R_Earth) Rp/Rs Semi-major axis Habitability Zone
4 6.5591 0.02546 146.10 1360.24 1.168 32.40 17.45 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.01 - 2.46586 0.03321 0.06042 I
2 10.3536 0.03506 143.90 1354.55 0.947 23.21 14.74 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.02 - 2.22113 0.03011 0.08191 I
0 4.9628 0.03419 167.02 1358.01 0.574 17.39 8.59 0.000480 1.00 nan - 1.72834 0.02290 0.05017 I
3 3.2375 0.01043 123.87 1356.10 0.449 16.80 12.55 0.000080 1.00 nan 0.5*SOI1 1.52877 0.02059 0.03773 I
2 1.9159 0.00592 111.07 1354.88 0.286 11.53 14.62 0.000080 0.91 nan - 1.22118 0.01569 0.02660 I
0 10.3771 0.02113 131.15 1359.40 0.472 10.32 19.83 0.000080 1.00 TOI 178.02 1*SOI2 1.56807 0.02049 0.08203 I
1 2.6042 0.00408 111.76 1355.63 0.222 8.59 14.94 0.000080 0.90 nan 0.25*SOI2 1.07573 0.01415 0.03264 I
7% (1420/19737) of the cadences will be ignored due to the quality mask (quality_bitmask=175).
Ok it seems that Sherlock already finished. From the output we can read that Sherlock executed 7 runs. That means the it found 6 runs with a good quorum (the last one was not very promising and therefore the execution finished. Knowing that, we will inspect the best results from each run.
We will start from the beginning, of course. We will inspect the results of the first run:
[15]:
your_execution_dir = os.getcwd()
file_image = your_execution_dir + '/TIC251848941_[2]/1/Run_1_PDCSAP-FLUX_TIC251848941_[2].png'
from IPython.display import Image
Image(filename=file_image)
[15]:
Well, we can be sure that we have already retrieved the TOI-178.01 with P=6.56d in the first run. We could then inspect the second one:
[16]:
file_image = your_execution_dir + '/TIC251848941_[2]/2/Run_2_PDCSAP-FLUX_TIC251848941_[2].png'
from IPython.display import Image
Image(filename=file_image)
[16]:
We found the TOI-178.02! If we look into Leleu et al. (2021) we will see that the found period of P=10.35d matches with the P=20.7d planet found there. This seems to be happening because we are inspecting only one sector and as a consequence we cannot find periods greater than 13 days approximately.
Ok, assuming we are doing it fine, we can continue our search for the next candidate:
[22]:
file_image = your_execution_dir + '/TIC251848941_[2]/3/Run_3_PDCSAP-FLUX_TIC251848941_[2].png'
from IPython.display import Image
Image(filename=file_image)
[22]:
We are finding a candidate with a P=4.96d. That matches with the TOI-178.03 with P=9.95. It is not clear we we would be finding the first subharmonic first than the real transit, but we can see that the real period was also very strong in the power spectrum. We have detected the three candidates from the official TESS pipeline SPOC. But wait! Do you remember that Sherlock returned up to 6 promising runs? Let’s have a look at them:
[23]:
file_image = your_execution_dir + '/TIC251848941_[2]/4/Run_4_PDCSAP-FLUX_TIC251848941_[2].png'
from IPython.display import Image
Image(filename=file_image)
[23]:
This is a candidate with P=3.24d. Wow! It seems that we are finding one of the new confirmed planets from Leleu et al. (2021) that wasn’t alerted by the SPOC! And we did it only from the TESS data (no CHEOPS nor RVs data). And look at the SNR, it is still very high!
Well, we have two promising runs to analyze yet. Let’s see the 5th run:
[24]:
file_image = your_execution_dir + '/TIC251848941_[2]/5/Run_5_PDCSAP-FLUX_TIC251848941_[2].png'
from IPython.display import Image
Image(filename=file_image)
[24]:
There is now a candidate with P=1.92d. That one matches another new confirmed planet from the authors that wasn’t either alerted by the SPOC! And again only from the TESS data.
There is only one promising run to be analyzed already, but we don’t expect finding more confirmed planets as the one with 15.5 days lies out of the period grid finally used by Sherlock:
[26]:
file_image = your_execution_dir + '/TIC251848941_[2]/6/Run_6_ws=1.4078_TIC251848941_[2].png'
from IPython.display import Image
Image(filename=file_image)
[26]:
It seems that this candidate is not very reliable (it lies on the borders of the data). The candidates TOI-178.02 and TOI-178.03 are too close. Maybe any of them is a subharmonic of the real period. We could perform a search now to see whether we find it properly, by setting a minimum period of 11 and masking the reliable candidates that we found previously:
[2]:
toi178_object_info.initial_transit_mask = [{"P": 6.5591, "T0": 1360.24, "D": 146.10},
{"P": 4.9628, "T0": 1358.01, "D": 167.02},
{"P": 3.2375, "T0": 1356.10, "D": 123.87},
{"P": 1.9159, "T0": 1354.88, "D": 111.07}]
toi178_sherlock_target = SherlockTarget(object_info=toi178_object_info, detrends_number=4,
period_min=11, period_max=22, cpu_cores=multiprocessing.cpu_count() - 1,
best_signal_algorithm="quorum", min_quorum=0.5)
sherlock = Sherlock([toi178_sherlock_target], False)
Let’s run SHERLOCK again with these parameters!
[ ]:
sherlock.run()
Ok, it already finished. We can see in the report that 3 candidates were found. Let’s go to the inspection!
[5]:
your_execution_dir = os.getcwd()
file_image = your_execution_dir + '/TIC251848941_[2]/1/Run_1_PDCSAP-FLUX_TIC251848941_[2].png'
from IPython.display import Image
Image(filename=file_image)
[5]:
It seems that we have now found the planet at P=20.7d. Looking finally at the last promising candidate:
[7]:
file_image = your_execution_dir + '/TIC251848941_[2]/2/Run_2_PDCSAP-FLUX_TIC251848941_[2].png'
from IPython.display import Image
Image(filename=file_image)
[7]:
And finally found the last one at P=15.21d! Good for SHERLOCK again!
We conclude our analysis here: SHERLOCK has been able to spot candidates which were only identified after precise follow-up observations so far. We can also observe how the SNRs of the signals found by SHERLOCK are way higher than the ones obtained by the official SPOC pipeline. These are great indicators of the SHERLOCK capabilities!